Monitoring

Monitor PostgreSQL Databases with pg_stat_database PostgreSQL tracks activity at the database level in the pg_stat_database view. Every database on the server has a row, and each row contains counters for commits, rollbacks, cache hits, disk reads, deadlocks, temp file usage, and more. This is one of the first places …

Detect PostgreSQL Transaction ID Wraparound Before It Causes Downtime PostgreSQL assigns a transaction ID (XID) to every write transaction. These IDs are 32-bit integers, which means they can only count up to about 2 billion. When the counter gets close to the limit, PostgreSQL must freeze old transaction IDs to …

Identify Insert-Only Tables in PostgreSQL Using pg_stat_user_tables Not all PostgreSQL tables behave the same way. Most application tables have a mix of inserts, updates, and deletes. A minority of tables receive only inserts. These append-only tables — event logs, audit trails, sensor readings, message queues — have …

How to Monitor PostgreSQL Index Build Progress Building an index on a large table can take minutes or even hours. Without progress tracking, it is hard to know if the build is almost done or barely started. PostgreSQL 12 introduced the pg_stat_progress_create_index view to fix this. It shows real-time progress for any …

How to Find Idle in Transaction Sessions in PostgreSQL An idle-in-transaction session is a database connection that has started a transaction but is not currently running a query. It is just sitting there, holding the transaction open. This is different from a regular idle connection, which has no open transaction. …

Count PostgreSQL Sessions by State This PostgreSQL query returns a count of all server sessions grouped by their current state. It gives a fast at-a-glance view of how connections are distributed across active, idle, and problematic states. Purpose and Overview PostgreSQL tracks the state of every backend connection in …

PostgreSQL Statistics Settings Query Guide This PostgreSQL query retrieves all statistics collection configuration settings from the pg_settings system view. These parameters control what runtime data PostgreSQL collects about query execution, table activity, and performance, feeding into the pg_stat_* monitoring …

PostgreSQL Logging Configuration Query - Monitor Database Settings This PostgreSQL query provides database administrators with essential insights into logging configuration parameters by querying the pg_settings system view. The query specifically targets logging-related settings while filtering out WAL (Write-Ahead …

Monitoring PostgreSQL Active Sessions with pg_stat_activity Explained As databases scale, monitoring active connections and queries in PostgreSQL becomes essential for performance tuning, troubleshooting, and ensuring stability. PostgreSQL provides a powerful system view called pg_stat_activity that contains detailed …

Monitor Running Queries in PostgreSQL (9.2+ and Newer) Overview When managing a PostgreSQL database, one of the most important tasks for database administrators and developers is monitoring currently running queries. This helps identify problematic sessions, troubleshoot performance bottlenecks, and optimize …